Ethical theory by Cathy Burke Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Identify an ICT-related Ethical Issue from a Media article or Case Study. Answer: Introduction: The development of stealth drone machine was commissioned by United States in year 2015 directed by Pentagon. Expansion of the machine was responsible for payroll delivery and transforming surveillance. The article depicts that after the mission is accomplished, drones would have prevailing capabilities like vampire that disappears in thin air. In addition to this, the government was motivated for putting project with an amount of $ eight million. Such investment was done on 26-week design project and it was the initial investment made by government. Some of the dilemma related with the project and ethical issues have been exhibited in the report and this issues is represented in article written by Cathy Burke. There are four classical theories that would be discussed in the report. Discussion: Disappearing drones: The projected device comes with specification; some of the resources would be deliver by drone in areas that is difficult to reach. In addition to this, the device, it would assist in dropping payroll in altered areas and hide them in locations that are convenient. Moreover, surveillance duties will be conducted using drones by a watchful eye that is; it would maintain high distances in air. It would also consider the innumerable acts of violating the components of ethics such as intellectual, property, security and privacy (Beckman, 2016). Knowledge of civilians will not be required for operation of drones. However, military would have the right to carry out some surveillance to some extent. Deontology: Military are the people who have the right of governing the device and in this regard, it is need to consider the duties that they have when they are in power. There are certain policies and rule, which they are obliged to follow. Irrespective of the actions taken by them are right or wrong, they have to comply with the rule based on their experiences.Depending upon the moral standards of users, sage and implementation of disappearing drones would have in the long run. If another situation is considered, where military are required to comportment surveillance in foreign land. The dominant security conditions in foreign land forms the basis of judgment of executing the actions by military (Carlton Schaerf, 2015). People who are miles away from grounds are least interested in conducting critical assessment and this result in raising questions about dilemma relating to ethics. The report also exhibit two ethical issues by making the introduction of deontological issues, duties and constraint. Ethical standards possess a question and are constrained by standard of ethics so that irrespective of relationship, they are to be treated equally (Nichols et al., 2016). Nonetheless, military have the duties of protecting others by making use of all obligatory means. Hence, irrespective of measures that are placed for governing the execution of operations, there would be a tendency of booming the conflict. Utilitarianism: If the outcome of action is maximized, then it is exhibited as moral and ethical standards. This comprise of the definition of Utilitarianism. There might be all the available measures for safeguarding the lives of human being with drones. This era has the features where terrorism exist and many acts are done that is characterized by insecurities and for stopping the criminals, drones will assist required intelligence. However, the thing that is to be questioned is the monitoring of the acts of surveillance and military teams. This relates to monitoring those who are monitoring other people (Abdulhamid et al., 2014). The fate of some countries in Middle East regions is judged by the actions of few individual and in this regard, quality is regarded as most important. It is so because Middle East suffers most and there are innocent civilians. Disappearing drones should not lead to subject their own count of happiness. This is so because it is quite possible that bombs will be dropped i n secrecy as collected from surveillance (Mulgan, 2014). Virtue: The acquisition of proposed contract according to DARPA (The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) is that drones will perform righteous and good acts. There are few areas that are hard to reach will be accessed by drones for delivering medical and food system. Some of the technologies intends to improve way of living as depicted by history and it fell squat of course. Nuclear and atomic bomb are best example. End users such as military personnel and developers are entitled to having moral standards (Melden, 2013). Moreover, ethical outcomes are outlined by standards and character expansion. The moral outcome of project is determined by using technology and taking moral decisions is the function and purpose of people that might have an impact on people. If the operation of military are aligned with righteous acts would lead to use of minimal resources. In first place, there would be violation of privacy and secondly if wrongdoers discover the elusive acts of military, then this lead to compromising of security (Dodds Pippard, 2013). Contract: It has been exhibited in the Cathys article and have proposed have inherent contractual responsibilities toward society. This from an ethical viewpoint may either help or disrupt the course. Societies are governed by universal principles and policies. There would be negative outcome if such rules were not present. Rational individuals would develop the said and prescribed rules. The case study depicts many legal loopholes in the project of disappearing drone and individuals having their own personal agendas are likely to exploit by the project. When considering existing and experiences, this particularly line of thought is justified completely. In order for guiding the users intheir function and governing the moral outlook, a critical legal framework and a social contract must be put in place. For prosecuting and apprehending the international cyber-criminals, there are negligible international laws in the flied of cyber security. It is required by US pentagons and DARPA to make the assessment about the contractual obligations before the said laws and rules are developed (Levitt et al., 2015). This is to be done to immediate society along with those in foreign land where drones are worn. Conclusion: People are governed by act of morality for undertaking good actions that are liberated from harm and evil things. Hence, human life should be promoted by taking ethically upright decisions without directly or indirectly harming those who are related to it. Some of the serious ethical issues are raised in Cathys article and they involve security, privacy and intellectual property. Transformation of surveillance is undertaken in proposed project where disappeared drone would have capabilities that are extended compared to current processes. Some of the valuable intelligence would be collected by them on security matters such as terrorism. Nonetheless, collection of such information does not require innocent civilians consent. Moreover, there are some extended capabilities possessed by system and this involves rising of serious concern such as potential harm of carrying equipments. There are some serious ethical concerns involved in this particular drone project discussed in the article where execution of drone strikes has the consequence of serious causalities of most of the innocent civilians. Execution of project comes with good purpose of DARPA. Nonetheless, for meeting the extended operations, the application would wander off from the course. The likelihood of drones on residents intellectual property is used irrespective of their location or regions. Hence, main question relates to implementation of proposed device would be determined by what standards. Reference: Abdulhamid, S. M., Ahmad, S., Waziri, V. O., Jibril, F. N. (2014). Privacy and national security issues in social networks: The challenges.arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.3301. Beckman, J. (2016).Comparative legal approaches to homeland security and anti-terrorism. Routledge. Carlton, D., Schaerf, C. (Eds.). (2015).International terrorism and world security(Vol. 3). Routledge. Dodds, F., Pippard, T. (2013).Human and environmental security: an agenda for change. Earthscan. Levitt, D. H., Farry, T. J., Mazzarella, J. R. (2015). 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